What is consciousness? The book offers five different angles to answer the question - a philosophical, religious or spiritual perspective, but also a biological and medical perspective, a physical and systems perspective, and finally a robotics and artificial intelligence perspective. This last direction and the subtitle "Towards Artificial Intelligence" are explained by the editors, cyberneticist Vladimír Mařík, geneticist Tat'ána Maříková and urban planner Miroslav Svítek, in the introduction to the book: "We were strongly motivated both by the huge public interest in this area and by the current needs of artificial intelligence and robotics, the need to get at least partial answers to important questions for the development of these modern disciplines."
Although the book is three hundred and fifty pages long, it admits in its introduction that we still do not know how to define consciousness very well and that we still know very little about it. There is something to be said for a negative definition, i.e. for what consciousness is not, mentions neurosurgeon Vladimír Beneš, the author of the chapter Anatomy of Consciousness. In the introduction we learn that "consciousness is the subject of intensive research and yet remains shrouded in many mysteries and doubts as to whether it can be fully known and clarified by current methods at the present time, with the current state of knowledge".
This explains the wide-ranging approach to the topic and the attempt to look at the phenomenon of consciousness with the help of exact science and measurable variables, as well as from a philosophical or religious perspective. The book does not shy away from alternative approaches and spiritualism. Nevertheless, "the medical perspective remains the most important one - and the key objectively documentable conclusion is that consciousness is primarily a product of brain activity, although other processes and information flows in some other parts of the living organism are also involved." The last chapter deals with the possibility of artificial consciousness and machine consciousness. Which is a topic that keeps many people awake. However, according to the authors, we can be calm for now, because "for many decades, if not centuries, Kurzweil's singularity, i.e. the domination of machines over humans, will not occur".
The book was officially christened by Eva Zažímalová, President of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and the event was attended not only by almost all the authors, of which there are an impressive twenty, but also by the book's expert reviewers, Prof. Olga Štěpánková from CIIRC CTU and Prof. Emil Pelikán from the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
The publication of the book was initiated by the Equilibrium Institute, z. ú. It was supported by the Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics of the Czech Technical University, the Karel Čapek Centre for the Study of Values in Science and Technology and CertiCon, a. s. Published by Pavel Mervart publishing house.
